社交网络的快速发展以及互联网可用性的便利性加剧了虚假新闻和社交媒体网站上的谣言的泛滥。在共同19的流行病中，这种误导性信息通过使人们的身心生命处于危险之中，从而加剧了这种情况。为了限制这种不准确性的传播，从在线平台上确定虚假新闻可能是第一步。在这项研究中，作者通过实施了五个基于变压器的模型，例如Bert，Bert没有LSTM，Albert，Roberta和Bert＆Albert的混合体，以检测Internet的Covid 19欺诈新闻。Covid 19假新闻数据集已用于培训和测试模型。在所有这些模型中，Roberta模型的性能优于其他模型，通过在真实和虚假类中获得0.98的F1分数。

The number of international benchmarking competitions is steadily increasing in various fields of machine learning (ML) research and practice. So far, however, little is known about the common practice as well as bottlenecks faced by the community in tackling the research questions posed. To shed light on the status quo of algorithm development in the specific field of biomedical imaging analysis, we designed an international survey that was issued to all participants of challenges conducted in conjunction with the IEEE ISBI 2021 and MICCAI 2021 conferences (80 competitions in total). The survey covered participants' expertise and working environments, their chosen strategies, as well as algorithm characteristics. A median of 72% challenge participants took part in the survey. According to our results, knowledge exchange was the primary incentive (70%) for participation, while the reception of prize money played only a minor role (16%). While a median of 80 working hours was spent on method development, a large portion of participants stated that they did not have enough time for method development (32%). 25% perceived the infrastructure to be a bottleneck. Overall, 94% of all solutions were deep learning-based. Of these, 84% were based on standard architectures. 43% of the respondents reported that the data samples (e.g., images) were too large to be processed at once. This was most commonly addressed by patch-based training (69%), downsampling (37%), and solving 3D analysis tasks as a series of 2D tasks. K-fold cross-validation on the training set was performed by only 37% of the participants and only 50% of the participants performed ensembling based on multiple identical models (61%) or heterogeneous models (39%). 48% of the respondents applied postprocessing steps.

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has the potential to be used for synthesizing feedback controllers (agents) for various complex systems with unknown dynamics. These systems are expected to satisfy diverse safety and liveness properties best captured using temporal logic. In RL, the reward function plays a crucial role in specifying the desired behaviour of these agents. However, the problem of designing the reward function for an RL agent to satisfy complex temporal logic specifications has received limited attention in the literature. To address this, we provide a systematic way of generating rewards in real-time by using the quantitative semantics of Signal Temporal Logic (STL), a widely used temporal logic to specify the behaviour of cyber-physical systems. We propose a new quantitative semantics for STL having several desirable properties, making it suitable for reward generation. We evaluate our STL-based reinforcement learning mechanism on several complex continuous control benchmarks and compare our STL semantics with those available in the literature in terms of their efficacy in synthesizing the controller agent. Experimental results establish our new semantics to be the most suitable for synthesizing feedback controllers for complex continuous dynamical systems through reinforcement learning.

Machine learning and deep learning-based decision making has become part of today's software. The goal of this work is to ensure that machine learning and deep learning-based systems are as trusted as traditional software. Traditional software is made dependable by following rigorous practice like static analysis, testing, debugging, verifying, and repairing throughout the development and maintenance life-cycle. Similarly for machine learning systems, we need to keep these models up to date so that their performance is not compromised. For this, current systems rely on scheduled re-training of these models as new data kicks in. In this work, we propose to measure the data drift that takes place when new data kicks in so that one can adaptively re-train the models whenever re-training is actually required irrespective of schedules. In addition to that, we generate various explanations at sentence level and dataset level to capture why a given payload text has drifted.

道路车辙是严重的道路障碍，可能导致早期和昂贵的维护成本的道路过早失败。在过去的几年中，正在积极进行使用图像处理技术和深度学习的道路损害检测研究。但是，这些研究主要集中在检测裂缝，坑洼及其变体上。很少有关于探测道路的研究。本文提出了一个新颖的道路车辙数据集，其中包括949张图像，并提供对象级别和像素级注释。部署了对象检测模型和语义分割模型，以检测所提出的数据集上的道路插道，并对模型预测进行了定量和定性分析，以评估模型性能并确定使用拟议方法检测道路插道时面临的挑战。对象检测模型Yolox-S实现了61.6％的Map@iou = 0.5，语义分割模型PSPNET（RESNET-50）达到54.69，精度为72.67，从而为将来的类似工作提供了基准的准确性。拟议的道路车辙数据集和我们的研究结果将有助于加速使用深度学习发现道路车辙的研究。

在本文中，提出了针对动力学不确定性的机器人操纵器提出的人工延迟阻抗控制器。控制定律将超级扭曲算法（STA）类型的二阶切换控制器通过新颖的广义过滤跟踪误差（GFTE）统一延迟估计（TDE）框架。虽然时间延迟的估计框架可以通过估算不确定的机器人动力学和相互作用力来从状态和控制工作的近期数据中估算不确定的机器人动力学和相互作用力来准确建模机器人动力学，但外部循环中的第二阶切换控制法可以在时间延迟估计的情况下提供稳健性（TDE）由于操纵器动力学的近似而引起的误差。因此，拟议的控制定律试图在机器人最终效应变量之间建立所需的阻抗模型，即在存在不确定性的情况下，在遇到平滑接触力和自由运动期间的力和运动。使用拟议的控制器以及收敛分析的两个链接操纵器的仿真结果显示出验证命题。

问题应答系统这些天通常使用基于模板的语言生成。虽然足够适用于特定于域的任务，但这些系统对于域无关的系统来说太限性和预定义。本文提出了一个输出全长答案的系统给出一个问题和提取的事实答案（如命名实体等短跨度）作为输入。我们的系统使用选区和依赖性解析问题的树木。基于变压器的语法纠错模型Gector（2020）用作后处理步骤，以便更好流畅。我们将系统与（i）修改的指针生成器（SOTA）和（ii）微调对话框进行了比较。我们还通过更好的结果测试我们的方法（是 - 否）问题的方法。我们的模型比最先进的（SOTA）方法产生准确和流畅的答案。评估是在NewsQA和Squad数据集上完成的，分别增加0.4和0.9个百分点的速度分数。与SOTA相比，推理时间也减少了85 \％。用于我们评估的改进数据集将作为研究贡献的一部分发布。

Quadruped robots are currently used in industrial robotics as mechanical aid to automate several routine tasks. However, presently, the usage of such a robot in a domestic setting is still very much a part of the research. This paper discusses the understanding and virtual simulation of such a robot capable of detecting and understanding human emotions, generating its gait, and responding via sounds and expression on a screen. To this end, we use a combination of reinforcement learning and software engineering concepts to simulate a quadruped robot that can understand emotions, navigate through various terrains and detect sound sources, and respond to emotions using audio-visual feedback. This paper aims to establish the framework of simulating a quadruped robot that is emotionally intelligent and can primarily respond to audio-visual stimuli using motor or audio response. The emotion detection from the speech was not as performant as ERANNs or Zeta Policy learning, still managing an accuracy of 63.5%. The video emotion detection system produced results that are almost at par with the state of the art, with an accuracy of 99.66%. Due to its "on-policy" learning process, the PPO algorithm was extremely rapid to learn, allowing the simulated dog to demonstrate a remarkably seamless gait across the different cadences and variations. This enabled the quadruped robot to respond to generated stimuli, allowing us to conclude that it functions as predicted and satisfies the aim of this work.

Searching long egocentric videos with natural language queries (NLQ) has compelling applications in augmented reality and robotics, where a fluid index into everything that a person (agent) has seen before could augment human memory and surface relevant information on demand. However, the structured nature of the learning problem (free-form text query inputs, localized video temporal window outputs) and its needle-in-a-haystack nature makes it both technically challenging and expensive to supervise. We introduce Narrations-as-Queries (NaQ), a data augmentation strategy that transforms standard video-text narrations into training data for a video query localization model. Validating our idea on the Ego4D benchmark, we find it has tremendous impact in practice. NaQ improves multiple top models by substantial margins (even doubling their accuracy), and yields the very best results to date on the Ego4D NLQ challenge, soundly outperforming all challenge winners in the CVPR and ECCV 2022 competitions and topping the current public leaderboard. Beyond achieving the state-of-the-art for NLQ, we also demonstrate unique properties of our approach such as gains on long-tail object queries, and the ability to perform zero-shot and few-shot NLQ.

Machine Translation (MT) system generally aims at automatic representation of source language into target language retaining the originality of context using various Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques. Among various NLP methods, Statistical Machine Translation(SMT). SMT uses probabilistic and statistical techniques to analyze information and conversion. This paper canvasses about the development of bilingual SMT models for translating English to fifteen low-resource Indian Languages (ILs) and vice versa. At the outset, all 15 languages are briefed with a short description related to our experimental need. Further, a detailed analysis of Samanantar and OPUS dataset for model building, along with standard benchmark dataset (Flores-200) for fine-tuning and testing, is done as a part of our experiment. Different preprocessing approaches are proposed in this paper to handle the noise of the dataset. To create the system, MOSES open-source SMT toolkit is explored. Distance reordering is utilized with the aim to understand the rules of grammar and context-dependent adjustments through a phrase reordering categorization framework. In our experiment, the quality of the translation is evaluated using standard metrics such as BLEU, METEOR, and RIBES